Konditionalsätze Im Englischen (If-Clauses): Erkärung, Bildung und Übung
Dieser Abschnitt leitet mit einem knappen Überblick die Behandlung der if-clauses ein:
Vertiefung
Englische Version:
Conditions: "If...(then...)"
A condition is something which must be fulfiiled before something else may happen. The condition is introduced with if and the (potential) result with then. You may leave out then and it will just be implied by the reader/listener.
The condition is not something which has already occured, but something which might occur or might have occured. It may be likely to occur or even impossible to occur.
Beispiel
If electrically powered cars become cheaper, more people will buy them. (Wahrscheinlich)
If my father had won the jackpot, he would have shared the money with me. (Impossibel since it would have to happen in the past in which it has already not happend.)
Types
If-clauses are usually put into three categories, which in turn allow for certain variations, but consist of fixed elements:
Type 1: Talking about situations/consequences which might happen: What will you do if you lose your job?
| If | present | will |
| If | I lose my job, | I will find a new one. |
| If | you do not arrive on time, | I will not wait for you. |
Type 2: Talking about imagined situations/consequences which might happen now: What would you do if you lost your job?
| If | past | would |
| If | I lost my job, | I would find a new one. |
| If | you did not arrive on time, | I would not wait for you. |
Type 3: Talking about imagined situations/consequences which might have happened then: What would you have done if you had lost your job?
| If | past perfect | would have |
| If | I had lost my job, | I would have found a new one. |
| If | you had not arrived on time, | I would not have waited for you. |
Hinweis
Contracted forms: I would = I'd and I will = I'll
The types may be mixed:
Beispiel
Typ 2 + Typ 1: If he missed his plane, he will not arrive today.
Typ 2 + Typ 3: If I were as handsome as you think, I would have found a wife by now.
Typ 3 + Typ 2: If I had had your family, I would be less educated.
The individual types will be explained in more detail in the next three chapters.
Bedingungen: "If...(then...)"
Eine Bedingung ist etwas, dass eintreten muss, bevor etwas anderes eintreten kann. Die Bedingung wird mit if formuliert und die Folge manchmal mit then, dass bei Fehlen aber implizit mitgedacht wird.
Beispiel
If you do not eat, (then) you will starve.
Bei der Bedingung handelt es sich nicht um etwas, dass bereits eingetreten ist. Die Bedingung ist etwas, dass eintreten kann/könnte bzw. hätte eintreten können. Sie kann sehr wahrscheinlich sein oder vollkommen unmöglich:
Beispiel
If electrically powered cars become cheaper, more people will by them. (Wahrscheinlich)
If my father had won the jackpot, he would have shared the money with me. (Unmöglich, da in der Vergangenheit nicht eingetreten.)
Typen
If-clauses werden in der Regel in drei Kategorien eingeteilt, die jeweils bestimmte Variationen zulassen, aber feste Bestandteile haben:
Typ 1: Über etwas reden, das möglicherweise eintreten kann: What will you do if you lose your job?
| If | present | will |
| If | I lose my job, | I will find a new one. |
| If | you do not arrive on time, | I will not wait for you. |
Typ 2: Über imaginierte Situationen/Konsequenzen jetzt sprechen: What would you do if you lost your job?
| If | past | would |
| If | I lost my job, | I would find a new one. |
| If | you did not arrive on time, | I would not wait for you. |
Typ 3: Über imaginierte Situationen/Konsequenzen damals sprechen: What would you have done if you had lost your job?
| If | past perfect | would have |
| If | I had lost my job, | I would have found a new one. |
| If | you had not arrived on time, | I would not have waited for you. |
Hinweis
Die Kurzformen lauten: I would = I'd und I will = I'll
Die Zeiten können auch miteinander gemischt werden:
Beispiel
Typ 2 + Typ 1: If he missed his plane, he will not arrive today.
Typ 2 + Typ 3: If Iwere as handsome as you think, I would have found a wife by now.
Typ 3 + Typ 2: If I had had your family, I would be less educated.
Die einzelnen Typen werden in den nächsten 3 Abschnitten noch genauer erklärt.
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