Future perfect: Erklärung, Bildung und Übung
In diesem Abschnitt geht es um die Bildung von Aussagen, Fragen und Verneinungen im Future Perfect.
Vertiefung
English Version:
Have you ever heard of a form called future perfect? No? Well, maybe you've heard about future II, or maybe even "vollendete Zukunft". (Yes, that's what this section is going to be about.) Let's take a look:
- If you have developed the skills for effective study from your course, then you will have achieved a great deal. (Compared to the time before the course was taken, which is the point of reference in the past)
- This amazing result will have done little to restore confidence.
Formation
Statements
When you study the examples, you will come to realise that there is no differentiation between he/she/it and other cases, i.e. you always use will and have. Note that the future perfect bears strong resemblance with the other perfect forms, present perfect and past perfect. Refer to the use-section to see that they aren't only similar in terms of form, but also in use as well. So, your formula is: "will + have + third form" (you can tell that it's third form only from done, as achieve and gather are regular verbs).
subject | will | have | third form | rest |
You | will | have | achieved | a great deal. |
This amazing result | will | have | done | little to restore confidence. |
Questions
In order to form questions, move the first auxiliary (will) to the begining of the sentence:
interrogative | will | subject | have | third form | rest |
Will | you | have | achieved | a great deal? | |
Why | will | this amazing result | have | done | little to restore confidence? |
Negatives
Add not after the first auxiliary (will + not), the short form is won't. Note, however, that when you write your final exams, you will be required to use long forms (i.e. will not instead of won't).
subject | will | not | have | third form | rest |
You | will | not | have | achieved | a great deal. |
This amazing result | will | not | have | done | much to restore confidence |
Use
Future perfect is used to show that an action will already be completed by a certain time in the future:
I will have completed my assignments by Friday next week.
In other words: By Friday next week the completion of my assignments will already be in the past.
Bildung (Formation)
Vielleicht ist dir diese Zeitform auch unter dem Namen Futur II oder als vollendete Zukunft begegnet. Sie sieht folgendermaßen aus:
Beispiel
1. If you have developed the skills for effective study from your course, then you will have achieved a great deal.
(Compared to the time before the course was taken, which is the point of reference in the past)
2. This amazing result will have done little to restore confidence.
Aussagen (Statements)
Beim future perfect spielt es keine Rolle, um welche Person es geht. Die Form wird immer mit
Merke
will + have + past participle (third form)
gebildet.
Subjekt | will | have | third form | Rest |
You | will | have | achieved | a great deal. |
This amazing result | will | have | done | little to restore confidence. |
Fragen (Questions)
Ziehe einfach das auxiliary will an den Anfang des Satzes, um aus einer Aussage eine Frage zu machen. Wenn es ein Fragewort gibt, kommt es an die erste Stelle:
Fragewort | will | Subjekt | have | third form | Rest |
Will | you | have | achieved | a great deal? | |
Why | will | this amazing result | have | done | little to restore confidence? |
Verneinungen (Negatives)
Füge not nach will ein. Die Kurzform lautet: won't. Achtung: In deinen Klausuren musst du grundsätzlich die lange Form verwenden!
Subjekt | will | not | have | third form | Rest |
You | will | not | have | achieved | a great deal. |
This amazing result | will | not | have | done | much to restore confidence |
Verwendung (Use)
Das future perfect wird für Handlungen und Ereignisse verwendet, die zu einem Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft abgeschlossen sein werden:
Beispiel
I will have completed my assignments by Friday next week.
Anders gesagt: Am Freitag nächste Woche wird die Fertigstellung der assignments in der Vergangenheit liegen. Du kannst dich bei der Verwendung problemlos am Futur II im Deutschen orientieren.
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